Master list of concepts for Programmers

Computer Science as a domain is huge, I just tried to make a list to make it easy for someone starting in this field. This list is not particular to any specialization, anybody with tag #software_engineer, #software_developer, #programmer must learn these concepts to justify those tags. Even I’m learning some of these things.

1. Learn any one programming language really well. I mean really well. Preferably that supports object oriented programming

   • C++
   • Java
   • Python
   • Javascript
   • Ruby

2. Version control system

   • Git

3. Source code control system

   • Github
   • Bitbucket

4. Master command line

   • Unix/Linux
   • Mac

5. Operating System Concepts

   • Process and Process Management
   • Threads and Concurrency
   • Scheduling
   • Memory Management
   • Inter-Process Communication
   • Input/OutPut Management
   • Virtualization
   • Distributed File System
   • Distributed Shared Memory
   • Cloud Computing

6. Networking

   • Internet Protocols – tcp/ip, http/https, udp, ftp, smtp etc
   • Layered architecture – osi model, tcp/ip model
   • IP address – ipv4, ipv6, subnets

7. Database Management System

   • Learn RDBMS concepts
   • Master anyone database
     • Oracle, MySql, Postgresql

8. OOPs concepts

   • Polymorphism
   • Inheritance
   • Abstraction
   • Encapsulation

9. Data Structures

   • Arrays
   • Queues
   • Stacks
   • Linked Lists
   • Map
   • Set
   • Trees – (Specially BST)
   • Graph

10. Algorithms

    • Sorting
      • Merge Sort
      • Quick Sort
      • Bucket Sort
      • Heap Sort
    • Recursive – not an algorithm, rather concepts or mindset
    • Dynamic Programming
    • Depth First Search
    • Breadth First Search
    • Tree Traversals – In Order, Pre Order, Post Order

11. Important Design Patterns

    • Creational Design Pattern
      • Singleton
      • Builder
      • Factory
      • Abstract Factory
      • Prototype
    • Behavioral Design Pattern
      • Strategy
      • Observer
      • Mediator
      • Visitor
    • Structural Design Pattern
      • Adapter
      • Decorator

12. Software Design Principles

    • Single Responsibility Principle
    • Open/Closed Principle
    • Liskov Substitution Principle
    • Interface Segregation Principle
    • Dependency Inversion Principle

13. System Design Considerations

    • Security
    • Scalability
    • Load balancing
    • Caching

14. Learn a tool to build something concrete – how about a web development framework?

    • Node.js
    • Ruby on Rails
    • Django
    • Python
    • Spring boot

15. General

    • Multithreading
    • Containerisation – docker, kubernetes
    • Learn how CI/CD pipeline works
    • Learn one cloud platform – heroku, aws, azure etc

I will keep updating the list. Let me know in the comment box if you think I missed something really important.